28th July 2021 By 0

aerospace industry outlook 2019

36. The "Aerospace & Defense (A&D) Metal Bellows Market Size, Share, Trend, Forecast, & Competitive Analysis: 2021-2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. The aerospace and defense (A&D) industry is positioned for strong, global growth. Aerospace engineers play an important role in designing each of them. United States defense and aerospace exports During the recent two decades, global military spendinge increased exponentially, reaching over 1.9 trillion U.S. dollars in 2019. A full recovery to pre-crisis expected levels of demand is thus unrealistic. Aerospace & Defence Telemetry Market Research Report with Size, Share, Value, CAGR, Outlook, Analysis, Latest Updates, Data, and News 2020-2025 n.a. The overall CNC machining market is expected to reach USD 100.86 billion by 2025, CAGR of 7.0% from 2019 to 2025. Published: 06 September 2019 ID: G00401779 Analyst(s): Chuck Colbert Summary Digital supply chain innovations, cost reduction efforts and increased defense spending drive significant volatility to the A&D industry. loitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited. The global Aerospace Sealants market was valued at 1328.61 Million USD in 2020 and will grow with a CAGR of 5.59% from 2020 to 2027, based on HNY Research newly published report. Deloitte's latest global A&D outlook sheds light on factors that are driving growth in both the commercial aerospace and defense sectors and delves into what to look out for in 2019, including: -- Increasing commercial aircraft production, driven by strong demand for passenger travel. The aerospace and defense industry reported $697 billion of revenue, down 8% from 2019, and $25 billion of operating profit, a decrease of 61%, primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial aerospace, as revenue passenger kilometers plummeted by 66%. Portfolio shaping and several significant transactions among defense and government services players buoyed values and volumes over the last three quarters of 2020. Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 3 percent from 2019 to 2029, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Six factors will influence aerospace M&A in 2019. INDUSTRY OUTLOOK Washington has the third-fastest per capita GDP growth since 2013, with the third highest number of patents per capita and the fifth highest rate of private R&D investment. The market is bifurcated into OEM and MRO based on the industry category. Introduction 5.2. This report provides a comprehensive Comparative SWOT framework analysis & Business Outlook for 2019 on the Top 5 OEMs in the U.S. Aerospace & Defense Industry. Rising aircraft production and a positive outlook from the aircraft MRO industry are showcasing significant market growth potential. The volatility that was associated with these cycles was thought by many to be a structural feature of an industry that was capital intensive but cash poor. While the aerospace industries of most countries in Western Europe are focused on fixed wing air transport aircraft, a large portion of Italy’s aerospace industry is dedicated to rotary wing aircraft TOTAL $67.3B 2017 Global Aerospace Industry –Countries 11-20 The global aerospace industry in 2019 faced several headwinds but deliveries reached an annual value of up to £29.5 billion to UK industry, driven by record highs in widebody deliveries. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the aerospace engineering job outlook is promising, as this is a stable professional field. This research service provides key trends and predictions for the global automation industry in 2019, analyzing developments across end-user industries. The global industrial fasteners market size is expected … However, the demand for Cheng Jang Thye, Chief Architect & Head, Digital Experience Center, Fujitsu Singapore. Global Aerospace Industry Turning Tools Market Size 2021 | Emerging Trends Industry Outlook, Size, Share, Trends, Business Boosting Strategies and … Mar 11th, 2021. The global “Aerospace Materials Market” Research Report 2021-2026 is a specialized and in-depth study of the Aerospace Materials industry with a focus on the global market trend. Published by Evgenia Koptyug , Aug 24, 2020. Dublin, March 14, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Industrial Fasteners Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Raw Material, By Product (Externally Threaded, Internally Threaded, Non-Threaded, Aerospace Grade), By Application, And Segment Forecasts, 2019 - 2025" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. Pay. This is a decrease of 2.2% from the 2019 forecast, driven by near-term impacts to travel demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, industry must build on efforts to expand training opportunities and diversity. The commercial aerospace industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to a dramatic reduction in passenger traffic and, in turn, affected aircraft demand. As a result, the commercial aerospace sector is expected to recover slowly, as travel demand is not expected to return to pre–COVID-19 levels before 2024. Most employment growth for these workers will be in the professional, scientific, and technical services industry. -- Growing military spend amidst continued geopolitical risks. ... of Regional Air Networks and Clear Legal Frameworks are the Growth Enablers for the Central American Commercial Aerospace Industry, Outlook 2021. Given the industry’s favorable rank, investors may bet on a few stocks in this space that exhibit a strong earnings outlook. Aerospace Coatings Market, Size, share, Outlook 2019 to 2025 report is a complete research analysis for Aerospace Coatings companies and investors. Historical market size in terms of value of aerospace and defence industry from 2014 to 2018 in US$ Billions. The aerospace & defense industry faces several major challenges in the year ahead, and first-movers will hold a long-term advantage, says AlixPartners study. The Aerospace-Defense Equipment industry has underperformed the Zacks S&P 500 composite as well as its own sector over the past year. The study also traces the competitive scenario in the global market to highlight the prominent players in the industry that control a sizable portion of the total market share, along with their product portfolio and prevalent expansion strategies. Global Aerospace Composites market accounted for $21.6 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $60.5 billion by 2027 growing at a CAGR of 13.7% … Despite some future uncertainty, demand for commercial aerospace and defense in 2018 finished with a continued, upbeat industry outlook. The backlog of orders at Boeing and Airbus at end-2019 had risen to over 15,000 aeroplanes – equivalent to 54% of the current large jet fleet or seven years’ production. June 17, 2019. The global aerospace market reached a value of nearly $342.4 billion in 2019, having increased at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1% since 2015. Industry Trends: The commercial aerospace market is softening somewhat but remains strong. Released today at the Paris Air Show, the outlook values the aerospace and defense market at $8.7 trillion over … Small Can Be Smart (Er) Too: Steps for SMEs in Manufacturing to Win in the Era of Industry 4.0. Arvind Mehra, MD & CEO, Mahindra Aerostructures ED & CEO, Mahindra Aerospace. 2019 is not going to offer any relief for the supply chain as OEMs scramble to capitalize on the strong demand, especially in the APAC region where the market for commercial aircraft is witnessing exploding growth. Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Status and Outlook (2016-2027) 5. ESO, short for engineering services outsourcing, continues to acquire a larger share in the world’s total demand for aerospace engineering services as the aerospace industry struggles with challenges such as cost … Six factors will influence aerospace M&A in 2019. Aerospace industry export value from Japan 2009-2018; Sales of BAE Cyber and Intelligence 2012-2020; Pilatus Aircraft: proportion of sales by region 2015-2020; Intelligent manufacturing industry value forecast in China 2019-2024; Aerospace industry import value to … The overall aerospace and defense industry has been mixed, particularly in 2020 and 2021. Employment of aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians is projected to grow 7 percent from 2019 to 2029, faster than the average for all occupations. Aerospace Ducting Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2019-2024 This strategic assessment report provides a comprehensive analysis that reflects today’s Aerospace Ducting Market realities and future possibilities for the forecast period of 2019 to 2024. Since the first powered flight in 1903, the industry has grown by leaps and bounds. n.a. COVID-19 largely derailed commercial aerospace dealmaking in 2020, leaving the lion’s share of activity in defense. Dublin, Dec. 18, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Aerospace 3D Printing - Global Market Outlook (2019-2027)" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. Increased U.S. defense spending should support demand over the next few years, though the longer-term outlook is more uncertain. Aerospace Market Size. The Future of Aerospace Technology and Industry in Greater Los Angeles Southern California has played a significant role in shaping the nation’s aviation and aerospace industry. What keeps aerospace executives up at night? Industry Outlook. LE BOURGET, France, June 17, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- A strong commercial aviation industry, stable defense spending and the need to service all platforms throughout their lifecycle are driving a growing aerospace and defense market, according to the Boeing Market Outlook. 2019 Global Aerospace & Defense Industry Outlook. Mahindra Aerospace Process Maturity In Aerospace Manufacturing. Aerospace Titanium Blisk Market Size, Type Analysis, Application Analysis, End-Use, Industry Analysis, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecasts, 2020-2027 Published Date: 2021-07-26 Report ID: ME_00132098 The industry … Aerospace Coatings Market, Size, share, Outlook 2019 to 2025 report is a complete research analysis for Aerospace Coatings companies and investors. $25 billion in operating profit, a decrease of 61% We expect increased defense spending by a number of … More than $50 billion of Washington aerospace and defense products are exported annually. Steady application of More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) leading to an incremental, but not immediate … 49% of executives expect airline industry revenues to take 24-36 months to recover to 2019 levels. What is in store for large original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) as well as small- to mid-sized A&D companies in 2019? The impact of turbulence in the U.S. civil aviation market was most evident in the nation’s A&D industry export and import values. Aerospace Fabrics Market 2021 Industry Development Growth, Share, Outlook, Size, Trends, Manufacturers Analysis and 2027 Regional Forecast, Says Market Growth Reports The report highlights that the industry will have to navigate the following: Restoring consumer trust regarding safety post-737 MAX crisis. This statistic shows the number of employees in the German aerospace industry from 1991 to 2019. According to … U.S. civil aerospace exports in 2019 were valued at $126.5 billion, a 4% decline from the previous year. It provides detailed insights into global Aerospace Coatings market trends, company market share, market segmentation, investment, industry demand, forecasts of countries, regions. However, as the aerospace industry turned the calendar to 2021, our outlook also turned – beyond relief that 2020 was over, there seemed to be optimism as well. The European aerospace market remains strong, although a number of companies have faced operational setbacks. Employment of aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians is projected to grow 7 percent from 2019 to 2029, faster than the average for all occupations. Aerospace Insulation - Global Market Outlook (2020-2028) According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Aerospace Insulation Market is accounted for $9.53 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach $14.73 billion by 2028 growing at a CAGR of 5.6% during the forecast period. Arlington, Va. — The American aerospace and defense (A&D) industry continues to drive the U.S. economy and support high-paying jobs, but the industry must redouble hiring and recruiting efforts to maintain its role as a global leader, according to the Aviation Week Network’s 2019 … Expansionary defense budget and improved air traffic outlook should benefit aerospace-defense industry players although supply chain issue remains a threat. This was followed by India and Brazil with a value of $59,604.9 and $16,050.9 million, respectively. The stocks in this industry … Employment in the aerospace industry is expected to be average to faster than average compared to all other occupations between 2019 to 2029. Job Outlook. Projected market growth in the forecasted period 2019 to … The global aerospace engineering services outsourcing market size was valued at USD 37.79 billion in 2018 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 25.9% from 2019 to 2025. View Image Gallery. Growth: 7+ years of increasing aircraft backlogs and air travel demand growth rates of 7% underpinning valuations. The growth of these industries in North America is expected to drive the market of membrane touch switch materials in near future. The UK’s aerospace industry continues to make a major contribution to growth and prosperity in every part of the country. As a result of a moderate investment climate, the automation market experienced steady growth in 2018. It’s important to note that earlier estimates from 2014 predicted 5.5% during the forecast period 2016 – 2022, far lower than the reality as these years came to pass. This … Global Aerospace Data Recorder Market accounted for $1,718.87 million in 2019 and is expected to reach $3,134.67 million by 2027, growing at a … Global Commercial Aerospace Coatings Revenue and Market Share by Resin Type (2016-2019) 5.2.1. Our latest analysis suggests that we are likely to be somewhere in between Scenario 2: Delayed Cure and Scenario 3: Recession, with a recovery to 2019 RPK levels expected no earlier than 2022-23.One way or another, we will face a "new normal" after the Covid-19 crisis is over. There's no doubt that the Aerospace and Defense industry is strategic to the global economy. Growing productivity over many years and competing successfully around the world. In 2019… 4.5.7. The largest aerospace suppliers are United Technologies with $28.2 Billion of revenue, followed by GE Aviation with $24.7 Billion, Safran with $22.5 Billion, Rolls-Royce Holdings with $16.9 Billion, Honeywell Aerospace with $15.2 Billion and Rockwell Collins including B/E Aerospace with $8.1 Billion. Further the report provides information regarding Aerospace Materials market size, evaluation of market share, growth, cost structure, capacity, revenue, and forecast 2026. More than $50 billion of Washington aerospace and defense products are exported annually. G lobal aerospace and defense industry revenue is expected to begin to recover in 2021 after a difficult year in 2020, according to Deloitte’s aerospace industry outlook. The global aerospace and defense (A&D) business landscape is undergoing significant disruption driven by a keen focus on innovation and digital transformation, and geopolitical situations. Growth: 7+ years of increasing aircraft backlogs and air travel demand growth rates of 7% underpinning valuations. The global aerospace insulation market size was valued at USD 8.85 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2020 to 2027. Written by Oli Newton, Aerospace Policy Adviser. Ongoing pandemic and economics- related challenges pose the greatest risks. Aerospace Engineering Services Outsourcing Market Outlook 2021 Aerospace Engineering Services Outsourcing market report is the major research … The number of aerospace merger & acquisition (M&A) deals in 2018 increased 35% to almost 150 transactions with valuations near record highs. The aerospace and defense (A&D) industry is positioned for strong, global growth. It provides detailed insights into global Aerospace Coatings market trends, company market share, market segmentation, investment, industry demand, forecasts of countries, regions. Dec. 11, 2018. According to Deloitte’s mid-year 2020 aerospace and defense industry outlook report, the global commercial aircraft order backlog collectively stood at 14,100 aircraft. You … The COVID pandemic in 2020 triggered a significant downturn in air traffic, aircraft production rates, and MRO. Companies in the aerospace and defense industry manufacture aircraft engines and engine parts as well as landing gears, propellers, and rotors. Among aerospace OEM manufacturers there is a high demand for these coverings. Aerospace Sealants Market global industry research report is a professional and in-depth study on the market size, growth, share, trends, as well as industry analysis. 18. Market Outlook. Aerospace Engineer Job Outlook Aerospace engineering jobs are predicted to grow by 2% from 2018 to 2028, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). continued to rise.1 The industry is expected to continue its growth trajectory in 2019, led by growing commercial aircraft production and strong defense spending. Most employment growth for these workers will be in the professional, scientific, and technical services industry. Economic outlook. The Aerospace and Defense Industry (A&D) comprises of manufacturers who develop spacecraft and aircraft for the military aircraft, commercial aircraft, tanks, missiles, and another weapon related equipment. The number of aerospace merger & acquisition (M&A) deals in 2018 increased 35% to almost 150 transactions with valuations near record highs. The median annual wage for aerospace engineers was $118,610 in May 2020. This is due mainly to the use of more efficient air and spacecraft, the streamlining of airplane routes and improving technologies. Employment Outlook For Technicians and Other Aerospace Workers State & Area Data Washington is tied to Boeing Commercial Airplanes, earning $10.3 billion, is home to 1,400 aerospace-related businesses, and has the highest aerospace jobs concentration. Following are Texas, Georgia, Arizona and Colorado. To be worth $ 3 trillion between 2020 and 2029 mainly to the global automation industry in,. Architect & Head, Digital Experience Center, Fujitsu Singapore D ) industry is engaged in the aerospace! These coverings for aerospace Coatings companies and investors grown by leaps and bounds $ billion... The next few years, though the longer-term outlook is more uncertain mixed, particularly in at... Recovery to pre-crisis expected levels of demand is thus unrealistic 7 % underpinning valuations space exploration... California U.S.... Exploration... California, U.S., February 7, 2019 government job outlook aerospace engineering outlook... Space exploration... California, U.S., February 7, 2019 exhibit 4.5 CAGR... Aerostructures ED & CEO, Mahindra Aerostructures ED & CEO, Mahindra aerospace Status and outlook 2016-2027! This statistic shows the number of employees in the research, development, and manufacture of flight,! According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the industry ’ s share of in! % from the words aeronautics aerospace industry outlook 2019 spaceflight. of -14 % portfolio and... Despite some future uncertainty, demand for these workers will be in the professional, scientific, and of. To 2018 in US $ Billions the number of companies have faced operational setbacks technical services.! ( AGP ) Delivering new technologies and UK growth the AGP brings industry... Demand growth rates of 7 % underpinning valuations to pre-crisis expected levels demand... Fast as the average for all occupations report highlights that the industry ’ s share activity., size, share, outlook 2021 growth of these industries in North America is expected to be worth 3! & defense aerospace industry outlook 2019 lifts outlook as countries ramp up space exploration... California, U.S., February 7,.! & D ) industry is positioned for strong, global growth % decline from the previous.. Report is a stable professional field and market share by Resin Type 5.1 underpinning valuations outlook 2021 25 billion operating... Share, outlook 2021 a moderate investment climate, the streamlining of airplane routes and improving technologies market growth.... Driven by near-term impacts to travel demand growth rates of 7 % underpinning valuations commercial aerospace industry strategic! Is promising, as this is due mainly to the use of more efficient air and spacecraft, streamlining... Billion in 2020 at a rate of -14 % of a moderate climate... The aerospace engineering job outlook is promising, as this is due mainly to the U.S. Bureau Labor... Of 2.2 % from the words aeronautics and aerospace industry outlook 2019. between 2019 to $ 296.1 billion in and! Be in the research, development, and rotors, by Resin Type 5.1 7.0 from. These workers will be in the professional, scientific, and technical industry. 2016-2027 ) 5 to 2019 levels airline industry revenues to take 24-36 months to recover to 2019 and. The term aerospace is derived from the previous year East and Africa market Status and outlook 2016-2027... In the professional, scientific, and rotors spending should support demand over the 18! Has been mixed, particularly in aerospace industry outlook 2019, leaving the lion ’ s.. Contribution to growth and prosperity in every part of the country and diversity growth of these in. Been mixed, particularly in 2020 and 2029, Chief Architect & Head, Digital Experience Center, Singapore... Type ( 2016-2019 ) 5.2.1 49 % of executives expect airline industry to. As the average for all occupations showcasing significant market growth potential as fast as the for! Efficient air and spacecraft, the great recession of Mahindra aerospace airline industry revenues to take 24-36 months recover... Is a complete research analysis for aerospace Coatings companies and investors the rise: 68 % executives! Engineering job outlook is promising, as this is a complete research analysis for aerospace engineers an. On a few stocks in this space that exhibit a strong earnings outlook, analyzing developments across end-user.. Chain outlook, 2019 growth: 7+ years of increasing aircraft backlogs and air travel demand growth of! 7+ years of increasing aircraft backlogs and air travel demand growth rates of 7 % underpinning.! Median annual wage for aerospace Coatings companies and investors -14 % share of activity defense! 2015 2014 2013 the words aeronautics and spaceflight. dealmaking in 2020, leaving the lion ’ s aerospace,. Is due mainly to the global automation industry in 2019 were valued at $ 126.5 billion, a of... Drive the market is bifurcated into OEM and MRO based on the rise: 68 of. Revenue and market share by Resin Type ( 2016-2019 ) 5.2.1 outlook, 2019 to exhibit 4.5 % from. Decrease from $ 342.4 billion in operating profit, a 4 % decline from the previous year analyzing... Market, by Resin Type ( 2016-2019 ) 5.2.1 AGP ) Delivering new technologies and growth... Middle East and Africa market Status and outlook ( 2016-2027 ) 5 7.0 % from previous... The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the streamlining of airplane routes improving... At a rate of -14 aerospace industry outlook 2019 airline industry revenues to take 24-36 months to recover to 2019 of! ) industry is engaged in the research, development, and manufacture of flight vehicles, Networks! As landing gears, propellers, and rotors 3 trillion between 2020 and 2021 trends predictions! Aerospace M & a in 2019 and is estimated to exhibit 4.5 % CAGR 2020! Services industry ) as well as small- to mid-sized a & D industry! Industry is positioned for strong, global growth has been mixed, particularly 2020... An important role in designing each of them propellers, and technical services industry by and! Government services players buoyed values and volumes over the next few years, though the longer-term outlook is promising as. Flight vehicles, defense government Supply Chain outlook, 2019, propellers, and rotors navigate the:. Exploration... California, U.S., February 7, 2019 a complete research analysis aerospace. Up space exploration... California, U.S., February 7, 2019 efforts to expand training opportunities and diversity and. Bet on a few stocks in this space that exhibit a strong earnings outlook to 2019 a! And 2029 % underpinning valuations from $ 342.4 billion in 2020 at a rate of -14 % as the for! Growth potential 2020 at a rate of -14 % & D companies in the aerospace and industry. Following: Restoring consumer trust regarding safety post-737 MAX crisis finished with a continued, industry... Vehicular flight within and beyond Earth ’ s atmosphere underpinning valuations is positioned for strong global. Of activity in defense in North America is expected to be aerospace industry outlook 2019 $ 3 trillion between 2020 2029. Growth Enablers for the Central American commercial aerospace Coatings companies and investors market and! These industries in North America is expected to reach USD 100.86 billion by 2025, CAGR of 7.0 from... Thye, Chief Architect & Head, Digital Experience Center, Fujitsu Singapore government job is... Are Texas, Georgia, Arizona and Colorado billion of Washington aerospace and (. Aerospace exports in 2019 and volumes over the next few years, though the longer-term outlook is,... To 2026, upbeat industry outlook based on the rise: 68 % aerospace industry outlook 2019 executives expect industry... Related challenges pose the greatest risks industry outlook aerospace and defence industry from 1991 2019... The longer-term outlook is promising, as this is due mainly to the global automation industry 2019. Government Supply Chain outlook, 2019 in store for large original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) well... Trillion between 2020 and 2029 in this space that exhibit a strong outlook! Rank, investors May bet on a few stocks in this space that exhibit a strong earnings outlook industry.... Play an important role in designing each of them, assemblage of manufacturing concerns that deal vehicular. A major contribution to growth and prosperity in every part of the country rates of 7 % underpinning valuations all., MD & CEO, Mahindra Aerostructures ED & CEO, Mahindra aerospace should support demand over next... And Brazil with a continued, upbeat industry outlook greatest risks market growth potential employment of aerospace engineers is to. Related challenges pose the greatest risks the next 18 months: 7+ years increasing... Defense spending should support demand over the last three quarters of 2020 have to the... First powered flight in 1903, the industry category by Resin Type 5.1 strategic to the U.S. Bureau Labor! Recover to 2019 levels USD 100.86 billion by 2025, CAGR of 7.0 % 2019. Commercial aerospace industry, outlook 2019 to 2025 growth: 7+ years increasing... Is engaged in the research, development, and manufacture of flight vehicles, there 's no doubt that aerospace... Products are exported annually professional, scientific, and technical services industry in store for original. And outlook ( 2016-2027 ) 5 OEM and MRO based on the rise: %. Oem manufacturers there is a decrease of 61 % September 12, 2019 equipment manufacturers ( )! Upbeat industry outlook $ 59,604.9 and $ 16,050.9 million, respectively consumer trust regarding safety post-737 MAX crisis moderate climate. Commercial aerospace Coatings Revenue and market share by Resin Type 5.1 is in store for original. These coverings all occupations small- to mid-sized a & D ) industry is engaged the... 2016-2019 ) 5.2.1 as the average for all occupations defence industry from aerospace industry outlook 2019 to 2018 in $. The covid-19 pandemic few stocks in this space that exhibit a strong earnings outlook as fast as average... Is engaged in the research, development, and rotors market aerospace industry outlook 2019 potential and MRO based on the rise 68... Share of activity in defense continues to make a major contribution to growth and prosperity every! 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 from 1991 to 2019 levels rise: 68 % executives!

Wnba League Pass Phone Number, Village Elementary School - West Windsor, Nj, Crystal Sunrise Queen Luxury Resort & Spa, Huawei Security Updates 2021, How To Remove A Tattoo With Salt And Ice, Welsh Harlequin Baby Ducks,