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There are more than 40 separate nations that occupy the continent of Africa south of the Sahara desert, each with its own history, political situation, numerous ethnic groups and multiple languages that comprise sub-Saharan Africa. An introduction to the spiritual source of the beliefs and practices that have so profoundly shaped African American religious traditions. When we get sick, even devout Christians that get sick, we assume that the reason for the sickness is naturalistic, so we go to the doctor, we get medicine that will manipulate the antibodies or other sources of the disease that need to be destroyed in our body with various medicines. Download An Introduction To African Religion 2nd Edition books, Language: en Pages: 216. Introduction to African Religion. John Mbiti. Oftentimes these fetishes would be ritually consecrated or animated by a spirit of some kind. Another rite of passage is marriage. Advertisement. The medicine man or the healer, as the name implies, usually seeks to heal diseases in the community, and then he’ll come to them and they believe that their illnesses are caused by the cause of some spiritual power. The book begins with a reference to the richness, variety and influence of African heritage. Normally, when you are born, that is considered a rite of passage, and there are certain kinds of religious activities and rituals and magic chants and various things that are done at the time of birth to protect the child from spiritual danger. West Africa accounts for about one-fifth of the continent’s area, but it’s over 120 million people – half of Africa’s population. But certainly there’s no single codified system of beliefs and practices. The earlier idea was that African Traditional Religions were incompatible with monotheism. ISBN-10: 1478627069 ISBN-13: 2901478627066 Pub. Pp. It is best distinguished as ATR. And this allows us to look at it as a structure, and then the particulars can be filled in based on where you are and what you’re looking at. Animism comes from the Latin word anima, which means “soul”, and Tyler maintained that belief in spiritual beings or souls was the root of all African religious faith. Another term that’s used a lot in African religion is the phrase “rites of passage”. His religion lay at the bottom of religious evolution, whereas Islam and Judaism and Christianity were at the top since they’re monotheistic. This is also true in the African Traditional Religion. It may involve some kind of ordeal or some kind of torture; it may involve special marks being placed – tattoos and various things – in order to identify that the person is now an adult, and will accept the full responsibilities of adult work in their society. We speak of religion in the singular. Well you should always view African religion as divided into multiple tribes and clans that practice various religious activities. Usually it’s in the context of moral issues. What we want to do is to construct an African traditional cosmology. The Africans inhabit a much bigger universe, and therefore they do not see this clear line of demarcation between the material / the spiritual, the visible/ the invisible, and so forth. It is not brought from outside. So this is one of the rites of passage. Now this is important because many times in the west we think of religions in terms of belief systems. There are innumerable African stories and myths which are told which talk about how the world got off kilter, how things got out of harmony, and why certain rituals are being used to get things back. Edition Notes Bibliography: p. 207-208. Man, Myth, Messiah: Answering History’s Greatest Question, The Psilocybin Mushroom Bible: The Definitive Guide to Growing and Using Magic Mushrooms, Sorrento, Amalfi Coast & Capri: Car Tours and Walks (Sunflower Landscapes). INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN RELIGION, John S. Mbiti, Praeger, New York, 1975. Every religion of course has important rites of passage. But in this case, we’ll refer to “deity” as that supreme being who occupies the highest tier, and as I mentioned before because there are hundreds of versions of African Traditional Religion in the world, and in sub-Saharan Africa, then of course we have to leave this as a generic supreme being but realize that it will be fleshed out in a particular form, in a very personalized form in the particular theologies of the local tribal religions. It adequately fills the void that confronts people (not just students) meeting African traditional religion for the first time, and addresses the true nature of the religion. This is a basic cosmology. Buy Used $16.48 $ 23.95. "Mbiti's Introduction to African Religion gives richness, boldness, and pride to Africa's religious heritage in the face of proselytizing religions like Islam and Christianity. This is deliberate. And so there’s a little more flexibility regarding the role of beliefs and how that functions with the larger structure of African religion. But in African society, everything is done through intermediaries. And because this deity was beyond us, he didn’t come into the normal rituals and daily practices that were often so present in African religious daily life and activities. In African religion you must distinguish between the term “deity” and the term “divinity”, because in the west, we often use the word divinity or deity almost interchangeably because we’re in a context where monotheism has been dominant. So normally we refer to African Traditional Religions in the plural, and it’s simply summarized or written in notation form as “ATR” – African Traditional Religion. By John S. Mbiti. Introduction to African religion by Mbiti, John S. Publication date 1975 Topics Africa -- Religion Publisher London : Heinemann Educational Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; oliverwendellholmeslibrary; phillipsacademy; americana Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Phillips Academy, Oliver Wendell Holmes Library Language English. The fundamental problem with constructing an African religious cosmology is to understand how the one god and the many gods or lesser deities can co-exist in the African context. Transcript. So we will often ask the question: “What does a Hindu believe about God or man, or sin, or whatever?”; “What do Muslims believe about salvation?”; and so forth. And what he points out is that the enlightenment world-view in the west created what he calls the “excluded middle”, in a sense that we had a scientific world-view that accepted all of the things of the sense-world. An Introduction to African Religion (2nd Edition) Authors: John S. Mbiti. Findings in African traditional religion Mbiti in his book looks to dissect the origins of African traditional religion, in specific by studying oral traditions. Categories: Africa. And so because of that, it’s become more and more useful in recent days to speak about African Traditional Religions and talk about them in broad ways that would seek to bring together certain coherent structures that make up African religion. On the other hand, the scholars that have attempted to dismiss approaching African religions as if it’s impossible have been nevertheless brought back to the fact that there are a number of fundamental similarities in the structure of indigenous religions in general, and of African religion in particular. So at this time we’re going to examine a particular example of this in the Yoruba religious cosmology in African religion. Introduction to African Religion. This is what one finds when you walk into Africa, and this is what the anthropologists discovered early on, and the missionaries. They are as numerous as the ethnic groups that are present on the continent of Africa, and so therefore there’s no single creed or orthodoxy that can easily summarize the belief systems of African religions. Super Duper Safety School: Safety Rules For Kids & Grown-Ups! This affects even the more practical considerations of life. The Real Book of Real Estate: Real Experts. You can pray, and God who’s on the other side of the wall can hear us and he can answer prayer through this portal. Date: 07/28/1992 Publisher: Waveland Press, Inc. Introduction to African Religion . Marriage is very important in all cultures, but certainly in the African culture there are different kinds of emphases in marriage, but the wedding is a very important legal and social event, and it involves certain kinds of rites of passage and rituals that are practiced during that time. Later, a well-known writer named Percy Talbot, who wrote in the 60’s a classic multi-volume work entitled The Peoples of Southern Nigeria, refused to characterize African religion with any one word. And it’s fundamental to understand African religions to see that you don’t have the basic western approach which is: Christianity explains that which we cannot see. Now while there are certainly magical objects in west Africa, such as charms and amulets which are used, and indeed from a part of the religious complex and can be referred to as fetishes, it’s a very inadequate description or designation for the entire religious system. Anthropologists actually contributed to this as well, and oftentimes wrote denigrating studies of these early religious encounters which helped to create false impressions. We even talk about the incarnation, where God transcends this wall of separation in the seen world and the unseen world, and he steps into our human history. by John S. Mbiti | Read Reviews. You’ll find for example that many African Traditional Religions are monotheistic and poli-divinistic simultaneously. And even nature itself is part of this ongoing continuum. So keeping these observations in mind, we should posit in our minds basically three levels or three tiers of power which are generally characteristic of African religion. Introduction to African Religion John S. Mbiti No preview available - 2015. The second fundamental difference between the African and the western world-views is that fundamental to the African world-view is the belief in the hierarchy of power and being. When they function as single individuals, we usually call them “healers”, or sometimes they’re called “shamans”. Current price is , Original price is $24.95. Something that’s a very common aspect of traditional religions is the recognition that some objects carry spiritual power, and therefore should be forbidden in some ways. And so it’s now widely believed that Africa generally did not develop a supreme being as some kind of later development, after its encounter with Christianity or Islam. This heritage, though contemporarily more dynamically evidenced, has a long history and influence. They had a lot of trade with the Arabs along the coast of east Africa, and this is where Islam is actually the strongest, in this area. The third level in African Traditional Religion is the earthly tier, which is the functionaries who are responsible for maintaining the harmony, balance, and order in the African traditional system. The BiblicalTraining app gives you access to 2,100 hours of instruction (129 classes and seminars). Introduction to African Religion available in Paperback. Add to Wishlist. But in the case of African Traditional Religion, we can’t do this because there are so many different varieties of ATR that are throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Second Edition . But a well-known African scholar named John Mbiti did a study of African gods – this is found in actually several of his books, but one is entitled Concepts of God in Africa – and when John Mbiti studied, he wanted to particularly look at African traditional religious practitioners in tribes that had not received either Christianity or Islam, and look at them and see if in fact they had a belief in a supreme being. That is, a belief in a single god in which there exist other powers which get diffused out in to subordinates who serve that one god. So this creates a sense that intermediaries are necessary for conveying power, and we’ll see this is very important – it has implications, for example how the incarnation is understood in the African context. And therefore a better approach is to construct a broader African religious cosmology which extends beyond any one term. Project. The questions in Appendix A … Expertly curated help for Introduction to African Religion. In southern Africa, the coast of Africa, you have South Africa itself, you have Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia – all of these countries in south Africa represent a place where western colonization did in fact put the presence of the west with African societies and cultures. , western education and improved medical facilities or as “ diffused monotheism ” dr. Bill Mounce blogs spiritual. 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